For temporary residents currently living in Quebec, there are multiple pathways to achieve Canadian permanent residence (PR), especially if they’re considering relocating to other parts of Canada. With the recent pause in two of Quebec’s prominent immigration programs—the Regular Skilled Worker Program (Programme Régulier des Travailleurs Qualifiés, PRTQ) and the Graduate stream of the Quebec Experience Program (Programme de l’Expérience Québécoise, PEQ)—many international graduates and skilled workers may want to explore Canada’s Express Entry system as an alternative.

In celebration of Francophone Immigration Week, let’s look at why graduates and skilled workers in Quebec should consider using the Express Entry pathway. This option opens new doors to achieving PR status in other provinces and offers promising opportunities for those seeking to build a life in Canada outside of Quebec. Here’s an overview of viable Express Entry pathways and the benefits for those who are currently based in Quebec.

Why Choose Express Entry for Canadian Permanent Residence?

To apply for Canadian permanent residency, you cannot simply submit an application; you must first receive an invitation.

The Canadian federal government utilizes the Express Entry system to issue Invitations to Apply (ITAs) for permanent residence. These invitations are extended to top-ranking candidates who are eligible for one of three federal immigration programs, specifically for those who plan to settle in provinces and territories other than Quebec.

As per the latest Immigration Levels Plan, Canada aims to welcome 124,680 new permanent residents through the Express Entry system in 2025.

If you are eligible for one of these federal programs and wish to settle outside Quebec, you can create a profile in the Express Entry system. This is the federal government’s counterpart to Quebec’s Arrima system, through which candidates are selected for consideration.

Top Express Entry Programs for Individuals Currently Residing in Quebec

To receive an ITA through the Express Entry system, candidates must meet the eligibility requirements for one of the three main immigration programs and achieve a sufficiently high CRS score to be invited in a draw for which they qualify.

The three primary pathways for Express Entry applicants include the Canadian Experience Class (CEC), the Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP), and the Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP).

Each program has specific requirements:

Canadian Experience Class (CEC): This stream is tailored for individuals who have acquired at least one year of skilled work experience within Canada and demonstrate proficiency in either French or English. The CEC pathway is ideal for candidates who have the required Canadian work experience, making it a popular choice for international graduates and skilled workers currently in Canada.

Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP): Designed for candidates without Canadian work experience, the FSWP requires at least one year of skilled work experience abroad. Applicants must meet minimum language proficiency in either French or English, have sufficient settlement funds (or a valid job offer with work authorization), and achieve a minimum score on the FSWP grid. This program is particularly suited for candidates who have the experience and qualifications needed to integrate into the Canadian labor market but may not yet have worked in Canada.

Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP): For skilled tradespeople, the FSTP requires a minimum of two years of skilled trades experience. Candidates must either hold a trade certificate of qualification issued by a Canadian province or have a valid job offer in their trade, alongside language proficiency in French or English. They must also demonstrate either sufficient settlement funds or an offer of employment with work authorization.

Given recent draw results, it’s essential to note that high CRS scores are often required for direct selection. If a candidate’s CRS score is below the competitive threshold—generally around 520 points—the most reliable route to receiving an ITA is through obtaining a provincial nomination or qualifying for one of the newer category-based draws, which can prioritize candidates based on specific attributes beyond just the CRS score alone.

Maximizing Your Chances with Category-Based Draws 

To qualify for a category-based draw in Canada’s Express Entry system, candidates can be eligible by either demonstrating high French language proficiency or by having relevant work experience in one of the designated occupational categories. Each category has specific requirements and a recent minimum CRS score cut-off, as follows:

  • French Language Proficiency: Candidates must achieve a minimum of Niveaux de compétence linguistique canadiens (NCLC) level 7 or higher across all language abilities. The most recent draw in this category had a CRS cut-off of 444 points.
  • Healthcare: Applicants with professional experience in healthcare are eligible for this category. The last draw for healthcare professionals required a minimum CRS score of 445 points.
  • Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM): This category is open to candidates with experience in STEM fields. Recent draws for STEM professionals had a CRS threshold of 491 points.
  • Trade: Candidates with experience in skilled trades can apply under this category, which recently saw a CRS cut-off of 433 points.
  • Transport: For candidates with relevant experience in transportation roles, the minimum CRS score for recent draws was 430 points.
  • Agriculture and Agri-Food: Applicants with work experience in agriculture or agri-food can qualify, with the latest draw in this category requiring a CRS score of at least 437 points.

To be eligible for any occupational category-based draw, candidates must have completed a minimum of six months of full-time, continuous work experience (or the equivalent in part-time work) in an eligible occupation within the past three years. This work experience is a crucial factor in meeting the eligibility requirements for these targeted draws.

Understanding the Express Entry System – A Step-by-Step Guide

The Express Entry process operates in two main stages:

First, the candidate creates an online profile within the Express Entry system. If the profile meets eligibility requirements, the candidate enters the pool, where they receive a Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score that determines their rank among other candidates.

Next, IRCC conducts rounds of invitations, or draws, where ITAs (Invitations to Apply) are issued to the highest-ranking candidates.

Once a candidate receives an ITA, they have 60 days to take one of the following actions:

  • Submit an application for permanent residency (PR);
  • Take no action, which will result in the profile being invalidated and removed from consideration in future draws; or
  • Decline the invitation, which returns the candidate to the pool, allowing them to remain eligible for future draws.
  • If the candidate chooses to apply for PR, IRCC will typically process their application within approximately six months.

How Express Entry Draws Work – From CRS Scores to ITAs

Under the Express Entry system, there are three main types of invitation rounds, or draws, each designed to address different priorities in Canada’s immigration system:

  • General Rounds: In general rounds, IRCC (Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada) issues invitations to apply (ITAs) to candidates with the highest Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) scores, regardless of the specific program they are eligible for within Express Entry. This draw type is inclusive of all programs, allowing the most competitive candidates to receive ITAs based on their CRS ranking alone.
  • Program-Specific Rounds: In program-specific rounds, IRCC invites candidates who meet the eligibility criteria for a specific Express Entry program, focusing on top-scoring individuals within that program. This type of draw may also include candidates from Express Entry-aligned Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) streams, where provinces nominate individuals to help meet local labor market needs. Candidates who receive a provincial nomination through a PNP stream benefit from an additional 600 CRS points, greatly increasing their likelihood of receiving an ITA in subsequent draws.
  • Category-Based Rounds: In category-based rounds, IRCC targets candidates who fulfill specific criteria that support Canada’s economic and demographic objectives. These criteria could include high proficiency in French, work experience in designated fields such as healthcare or STEM, or other attributes aligned with current national priorities. These rounds aim to address specific labor market demands and regional growth goals by selecting candidates who contribute to Canada’s long-term economic needs.

Each type of draw is strategically employed to balance overall immigration levels, address labor market gaps, and support population growth in alignment with Canada’s broader immigration goals.

Understanding Profile Ranking in Express Entry 

Candidates in the Express Entry system are ranked according to the Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS), a points-based tool designed to assess the potential success of candidates in Canada’s labor market. The CRS assigns points in three key categories, with a total of up to 1,200 points available.

How the CRS Works
Core Human Capital Factors: This category evaluates a candidate’s age, education, language proficiency, and work experience.

  • Candidates without a spouse or partner can earn up to 500 points for these factors.
  • Candidates with a spouse or partner can earn up to 460 points for their own core human capital factors, plus an additional 40 points for their spouse’s qualifications, skills, and work experience.

Skill Transferability Factors: This section rewards candidates for skills that enhance their employability in Canada. It considers the combination of education, work experience, and other complementary factors. A maximum of 100 points is available in this category.

Additional Factors: Extra points are granted for factors such as:

  • Provincial Nomination: A nomination from a Canadian province adds 600 points to a candidate’s CRS score, significantly increasing their chances of being invited to apply for permanent residency (ITA).
  • Job Offer: A valid job offer from a Canadian employer can add points, depending on the nature of the position.
  • Canadian Education: Points are awarded for education completed in Canada, with additional points for higher levels of education.
  • Sibling in Canada: Candidates with a sibling living in Canada can earn 15 points.
  • French Language Proficiency: If a candidate demonstrates proficiency in French, they can earn between 25 and 50 points, depending on their level of English proficiency.

Ranking and Invitation to Apply (ITA)

Candidates in the Express Entry pool are ranked based on their CRS scores, and invitations to apply for permanent residence (ITAs) are issued to the highest-ranking candidates during regular draws. Provincial nominations and other additional factors can play a crucial role in improving a candidate’s CRS score, enhancing their chances of receiving an ITA.

Eligibility Requirements for the CEC in Express Entry

The Canadian Experience Class is one of the three main immigration streams under Canada’s federal Express Entry system, designed for individuals who have gained skilled work experience in Canada and wish to become permanent residents. Candidates who qualify for the CEC often have higher CRS scores, as the CRS awards additional points for Canadian work experience, increasing the likelihood of receiving an ITAs. The Canadian government, under its latest Immigration Levels Plan, has committed to prioritizing CEC candidates for permanent residency selection, along with candidates from regional programs, through a new “In-Canada Focus” priority category.

To be eligible for the Canadian Experience Class, applicants must meet specific criteria. First, candidates must have at least one year of skilled, professional, or technical work experience in Canada within the past 36 months. This work experience must total a minimum of 1,560 hours (equivalent to one year of full-time work) and can be accumulated through part-time or full-time roles. However, self-employment or work experience gained while studying full-time, such as through internships or co-op programs, does not count toward this requirement.

Applicants must also demonstrate language proficiency, meeting Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) requirements. For NOC TEER categories 2 or 3 jobs, a minimum CLB 5 is required, while NOC TEER categories 0 or 1 jobs require at least CLB 7. Finally, the CEC is intended for individuals who plan to reside and work outside Quebec. Although applicants can remain in Canada during the application process, those who have left Canada may still apply, provided they submit their application within three years of their last Canadian job.

Eligibility Requirements for the Federal Skilled Worker Program 

The Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP) is one of the three immigration streams under the Express Entry system, designed to help foreign skilled workers who lack Canadian work experience to immigrate to Canada. It is also part of IRCC’s new “In-Canada Focus” category. To be eligible for the FSWP, candidates must meet specific criteria and score at least 67 out of 100 points on the FSWP selection grid.

Minimum Eligibility Requirements for FSWP:

Work Experience:

  • At least one year of continuous full-time (or equivalent part-time) work experience in the past 10 years in a skilled occupation classified as NOC TEER level 0, 1, 2, or 3.

Language Ability:

  • A minimum Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) level 7 in either English or French. Candidates must take an approved language test from a recognized organization.

Education:

  • A Canadian educational credential or a foreign credential with an Education Credential Assessment (ECA).
    Settlement Funds:
  • Sufficient settlement funds unless the candidate has arranged employment in Canada and is legally authorized to work, in which case the funds requirement may be waived.

Scoring at Least 67 Points:

  • Candidates must score at least 67 points based on the following selection factors:

FSWP Selection Factors and Maximum Points:

  • Education: 25 points
  • Language Skills: 28 points
  • Work Experience: 15 points
  • Age: 12 points
  • Arranged Employment: 10 points
  • Adaptability: 10 points

Candidates must meet the minimum eligibility criteria and accumulate at least 67 points to be considered for the Federal Skilled Worker Program.

Eligibility Requirements for the Federal Skilled Trades Program

The Federal Skilled Trades Program (FSTP) is another immigration stream managed by Canada’s Express Entry system, designed for individuals with experience in skilled trades.

Eligibility Requirements for the FSTP:

To qualify for the FSTP, candidates must meet the following criteria:

  • Job Offer or Certificate of Qualification: A valid job offer for at least one year of continuous full-time employment (minimum 30 hours per week) from up to two employers in Canada; or
  • A certificate of qualification from a provincial or territorial regulatory body in the trade.

Language Proficiency:

  • A minimum Canadian Language Benchmark (CLB) level 5 in speaking and listening skills, and at least a CLB level 4 in reading and writing, in either English or French.

Work Experience:

  • At least two years of full-time work experience (or an equivalent amount of part-time work) in an eligible skilled trade within the past five years.

Demonstration of Skills and Experience:

  • Candidates must be able to prove they have the skills and experience required for their eligible trade and have performed the essential duties of the occupation.
  • The FSTP is available for skilled trades in specific sub-groups of the National Occupational Classification (NOC) 2021 system, which includes various trades related to construction, transportation, manufacturing, and more.

Understanding the Process to Apply through Express Entry

Here’s a step-by-step guide to applying through Express Entry:

  • Check Eligibility: Review the eligibility criteria for Express Entry programs, such as the Federal Skilled Worker Program, Federal Skilled Trades Program, or Canadian Experience Class. Use the online tool to see if you meet the requirements.
  • Gather Documents: Collect key documents, including language test results (IELTS, CELPIP, or TEF), educational credential assessments, and identification documents. Make sure everything is up-to-date.
  • Create an Online Profile: Sign up on the Government of Canada’s Express Entry portal. Complete your profile by providing details about your skills, work experience, education, language abilities, and other personal information.
  • Receive Your CRS Score: Once you submit your profile, you’ll receive a Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score, which determines your ranking in the Express Entry pool.
  • Wait for an Invitation to Apply (ITA): Regular draws are held by Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) to invite top-ranking candidates. If your CRS score meets or exceeds the draw cut-off, you may receive an ITA.
  • Submit Your Application: If you receive an ITA, you’ll have 60 days to complete and submit your permanent residence application. Be prepared to submit detailed documents, such as police certificates, medical exams, and proof of funds.
  • Complete Biometrics and Medical Exam: You may need to complete biometrics (fingerprints and photo) and a medical examination by an IRCC-approved physician.
  • Wait for Application Processing: IRCC will review your application and may request additional information. Processing times can vary.
  • Receive Confirmation of Permanent Residence (COPR): If approved, you’ll receive a COPR and instructions on how to finalize your immigration.
  • Arrive in Canada: With your COPR and a valid passport, you’re ready to make your move to Canada!

Required Documents for Express Entry application

Here’s a list of essential documents required for an Express Entry application:

  • Passport or Travel Document: A valid passport or equivalent travel document for identity verification.
  • Language Test Results: Proof of language proficiency (e.g., IELTS, CELPIP, or TEF) for English or French, based on program requirements.
  • Educational Credential Assessment (ECA): Assessment of foreign educational qualifications to align with Canadian standards, required for the Federal Skilled Worker Program.
  • Proof of Work Experience: Reference letters or other documents proving relevant work experience.
  • Provincial Nomination (if applicable): Nomination certificate from a Canadian province or territory, if you’re applying through a Provincial Nominee Program (PNP).
  • Proof of Funds: Evidence showing sufficient funds to support yourself and any family members in Canada (except for Canadian Experience Class applicants or those with a valid job offer).
  • Police Certificates: Background checks from each country where you’ve lived for more than six months since age 18.
  • Medical Exam Results: A medical examination conducted by an IRCC-approved physician to confirm you meet health requirements.
  • Photographs: Recent passport-sized photos following IRCC specifications.
  • Marriage Certificate or Common-law Partnership Proof (if applicable): Documents proving marital status or common-law partnership, if applicable.
  • Children’s Documents (if applicable): Birth certificates or adoption records for dependent children.
  • Job Offer (if applicable): A valid, written job offer from a Canadian employer, if you’re claiming points for a job offer.

Ensure all documents are up-to-date and readily available, as they are critical for completing your application accurately and on time.

What is the processing time for Express Entry?

The time it takes to receive an Invitation to Apply (ITA) after joining the Express Entry pool can vary widely. If your Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score is high or you qualify for a category-based draw or hold a provincial nomination, you might receive an ITA within days or weeks of submitting your profile. However, it’s also possible to wait several months or even years in the pool without receiving an ITA.

For those who receive an ITA and submit a complete application, IRCC’s goal is to process permanent residence (PR) applications within six months. Actual processing times can fluctuate based on the volume of applications and IRCC’s current backlog.

For the latest updates on IRCC processing times, it’s best to consult the official government website.

Accepted language tests for French-language proficiency

To qualify for the French-language proficiency category in Express Entry, candidates must meet the basic admissibility and eligibility requirements for one of the three Express Entry programs. Additionally, they must have French-language test scores demonstrating a minimum proficiency level of NCLC 7 in each skill area (listening, reading, writing, and speaking) from an IRCC-approved test provider. Approved tests include:

  • TEF Canada: Test d’évaluation de français
  • TCF Canada: Test de connaissance du français

These test results remain valid for up to two years from the date they were issued. Candidates must ensure they have valid test results at the time they create their Express Entry profile and when they apply for permanent residence.

Under Canada’s latest Immigration Levels Plan, IRCC has pledged to increase the number of francophone immigrants selected for permanent residence outside Quebec. By 2025, the government aims for francophone immigration to make up 8.5% of PR admissions outside Quebec, equivalent to 29,325 admissions.